List of Institutes - View Details
Study in India logo Ministry of Education logo
SII Menu
close button

Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)

Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 ,Manipal
1993

About Us

Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) is synonymous with excellence in higher education. With 33,000+ students from 65+ different nations living, learning and playing in the sprawling University town, nestled on a plateau in Karnataka’s Udupi district, it also has nearly 2500 faculty and almost 10000 other support and service staff, who cater to the various professional institutions in health sciences, science, technology and management, humanities, liberal arts, social sciences and law which dot the Wi-Fi-enabled campus. The University has off-campuses in Mangalore, Bangalore and Jamshedpur, and off-shore campuses in Dubai (UAE) and Melaka (Malaysia). MAHE has been accorded “Institute of Eminence (IOE) status” by Ministry of Education (MOE), Govt of India (GOI).

Area of Excellence

Health Science: Allied Health, Dentistry, Integrative Medicine, Life Science, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Public Health Science, Technology & Management: Humanities, Liberal Arts & Social Sciences:

Research Capability and Focus Area

Refer https://manipal.edu/mu/directorate-of-research.html

Notable Research / Publication

Refer https://manipal.pure.elsevier.com/en/

Academic Facilities

Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal has fully airconditioned state of the art classrooms with modern AV aids, well recognised and dedicated faculty with research experiences.

Library Database

Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal has excellent library with latest edition of journals, e-resources, that can be remotely used with web scale discovery service

Courses & Programme

  • DisciplineALLIED MEDICAL COURSES
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectPerfusion Technology
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)48
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 7100
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 7100

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry and Biology (PCB) with minimum 50% score And 10+2 in English with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineENGINEERING
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectBiomedical Engineering
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)48
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 9200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 11000
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 9200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 11000

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) with minimum 50% score And 10+2 in English with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineENGINEERING
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectBiotechnology
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)48
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 9200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 11000
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 9200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 11000

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) with minimum 50% score And 10+2 in English with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineMANAGEMENT
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectBusiness Administration
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)36
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5800
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 7600
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5800
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 7600

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineCOMMERCE
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectBusiness Analytics
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5500
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5500

Eligibility Criteria: ( ( UG in Engineering with minimum 50% score Or UG in Business Administration with minimum 50% score Or UG in Commerce with minimum 50% score Or UG in Computer Applications with minimum 50% score Or UG in Science with minimum 50% score ) )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineCOMMERCE
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectBusiness Analytics
  • No. of seats3
  • Course Duration (In Months)36
  • Examination PatternYearly

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5040
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5040

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria:

  • DisciplineCOMMERCE
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectBusiness Process Services (BPS)
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)36
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5400
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 7200
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5400
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 7200

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineENGINEERING
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectChemical Engineering
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)48
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 9200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 11000
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 9200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 11000

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) with minimum 50% score And 10+2 in English with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineENGINEERING
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectCivil Engineering
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)48
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 9200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 11000
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 9200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 11000

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) with minimum 50% score And 10+2 in English with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectEnglish
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3100
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3100

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Any Subject with minimum 55% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectEnglish
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)36
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1800
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 4540
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1800
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 4540

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria:

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectEuropean Studies
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1500
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3300
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1500
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3300

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineCOMMERCE
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectFinancial Economics
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5500
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5500

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Commerce with minimum 50% score Or UG in Economics with minimum 50% score Or UG in Social Sciences with minimum 50% score Or UG in Mathematics with minimum 50% score And UG in Management Studies with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectHistory
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3100
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3100

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Any Subject with minimum 55% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineENGINEERING
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectIndustrial Engineering
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)48
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 9200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 11000
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 9200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 11000

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in English with minimum 50% score And 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineARCHITECTURE
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectInterior Design
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)48
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 7500
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 7500

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineDESIGN
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectInterior Design
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination PatternYearly

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3600
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5400
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3600
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5400

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Architecture with minimum 50% score Or UG in Civil Engineering with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectInternational Relations
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 4300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 6100
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 4300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 6100

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectJournalism and Mass Communication
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)36
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2000
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 4740
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2000
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 4740

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 45% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria:

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectMaster of Hospital Administration (MHA)
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3900
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5700
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3900
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5700

Eligibility Criteria: ( ( UG in Health Sciences with minimum 55% score Or UG in MBBS with minimum 55% score Or UG in Dental with minimum 55% score ) )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectPhilosophy
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 600
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 2400
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 600
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 2400

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineCOMMERCE
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectProfessional Accounting (PA)
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)36
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5400
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 7200
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5400
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 7200

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectSociology
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3100
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3100

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Any Subject with minimum 55% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineALLIED MEDICAL COURSES
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectMedical Lab Technology
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)48
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5200
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2200
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5200

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry and Biology (PCB) with minimum 50% score And 10+2 in English with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectEpidemology
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 4500
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 4500

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Health Sciences with minimum 60% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineCOMMERCE
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectHealth Economics
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5500
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5500

Eligibility Criteria: ( ( UG in Management Studies with minimum 50% score Or UG in Commerce with minimum 50% score Or UG in Economics with minimum 50% score Or UG in Social Sciences with minimum 50% score Or UG in Social Work with minimum 50% score Or UG in Nursing with minimum 50% score Or UG in Dental with minimum 50% score Or UG in Medical with minimum 50% score Or UG in Pharmacy with minimum 50% score Or UG in Physiotherapy with minimum 50% score Or UG in Life Sciences with minimum 50% score ) )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineARTS
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectForeign Languages & Intercultural Studies
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)36
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3100
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3100

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 55% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectEcosophical Aesthetics
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3100
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3100

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectHumanities
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)36
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2000
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3800
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2000
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3800

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 55% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectMaternal & Child Health
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 4500
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 4500

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Health Sciences with minimum 60% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectEnvironment & Occupational Health
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 4500
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2700
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 4500

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Health Sciences with minimum 60% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineALLIED MEDICAL COURSES
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectExercise & Sports Sciences
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)48
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 6800
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 5300
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 6800

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry and Biology (PCB) with minimum 50% score Or 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) with minimum 50% score And 10+2 in English with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineYOGA
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectYoga
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1100
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 2900
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1100
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 2900

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Science with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineALLIED MEDICAL COURSES
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectHealth Information Management
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)48
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 4600
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 6200
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 4600
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 6200

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 50% score And 10+2 in English with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelPost Graduate (PG)
  • Branch/SubjectArt and Peace Studies
  • No. of seats4
  • Course Duration (In Months)24
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2000
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3800
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 2000
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 3800

Eligibility Criteria: ( UG in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineHUMANITIES
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectAesthetics & Peace Studies
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)48
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1000
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 2800
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 1000
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 2800

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

  • DisciplineVOCATIONAL COURSES
  • Program LevelUnder Graduate (UG)
  • Branch/SubjectGraphics and Digital Media
  • No. of seats6
  • Course Duration (In Months)36
  • Examination Patternsemester

    SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3500
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5300
  • Non-SAARC Country

  • Annual Tuition FeesUSD 3500
  • Annual Total FeesUSD 5300

Eligibility Criteria: ( 10+2 in Any Subject with minimum 50% score )

Additional Exams/Criteria: IELTS with minimum 6.5 score

Previous
Next
Alumni Name

.

.


Information available at: https://manipalalumni.manipal.edu/

.

CAMPUS LIFE

EVENTS

INFRASTRUCTURE

No Updates

The popular Dal Lake of Kashmir has the only floating post office in the entire world.